Improvement in pumps



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ILLIAM M. HENDERSON, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

IMPROVEMENT IN PUMPS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 38,308, dated April 28,1863.

To aZZ whom it may concern: l

Be it .known that I, WILLIAM M. HENDER-v SON, of Baltimore city andState of Maryland, have invented a new and useful Improvement inDouble-Action Suction and Force Pumps; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the constructionand operation of the same, reference being had to the annex-ed drawings,making a part of this specification, in which- Figurel vis alongitudinal section, and Fig. 2 a transverse section through the lineYZ of Fig. 1.

'lhe object of thisimprovement is to simplify, first, theconstruction,and,secondly, the operation of doubleaction suction andforce pumps, lirst, by casting in one piece the barrel, air-vessel, andconnecting-ports of a double-action suction and force pump in suchmanner that the barrel and air-vessel shall be parallel to each otherand separated only by asimple diaphragm or partition, which is both thetop wall of the pump-barrel and the bottom wall of the air-vessel,having openings at its ends .which are short and direct connecting portsbetween the barrel and the air-vessel; secondly, by the peculiararrangement of the valves, in connection with the suction port, forcingdirectly into the air vessel the entire body of water propelled by thepiston at each stroke, as hereinafter more fully described.

A is the pump-barrel; B B', passages communicating with C, theair-chamber.

D D' are the pump-heads.

E is a piston-rod working through a stu'- ing-box in the front head, D',on which are placed at a distance apart equal to the stroke of the pumpthe buckets F I1" with the suction-valves G G attached and opening out-Ward from each other. These buckets or pistous are similar to theair-pump buckets used on condensing-engines. The delivery-valves H H'are of the same description, and are secured at each end of the barrelby the projections on the heads, as shown.

I is the suction, and J the discharge pipe.

In case of derangement or need of repairs to any of the valves, they areall readily got at by removing the heads.

The operation of this pump is as follows: The water enters by thesuction-pipe I into the space between the pump-buckets, and when the rodis moving in the direction indicated by the arrows it forces open thesuction-valve G', filling the vacuum created by this movement, and bythe same operation of the rod the bucket F is expelling whatever may beinA the other end of the barrel through the delivery H. When the strokeis reversed, this valve closes, andthe water from the suction-pipeforces open the suction-valve G by the created vacuum, and so fills thisend of the barrel in readiness for the change of the stroke. The valveG' is closed by its pressure against the water, which is then driven ina mass through the delivery-valve H' into the air-chamber. A repetitionof this operation will cause the water to flow in a steady stream fromthe discharge-pipe.

As regards the first object of this improvement, the more nearly aperfect pump can be cast in one piece the less will be the cost offitting it. There would be, however, great difficulty in extracting thecores in casting any air-vessel havingv narrow communicating passageswith the pump-barrel, through which passages the bulk ofthe sand has tobe withdrawn after the casting is made, that would render it altogetherunattainable with the usual-shaped air-vessel. The arrangement hereshown presents, on the contrary, no greater diiculty in this respectthan is generally met with in the run of ordinary castings, as the coreof the air-vessel can all be readily scraped out through the openings BB and at the discharge-pipe connections. The advantages arising fromthis plan are that less metal. is required, it makes a more compactpump, and saves expense of tting.

In regard to the second part of this improvement, I have ascertained bynumerous practical experiments that the closer the piston of anypumpworks to the discharge-valves at the ends of the stroke, thereby drivingout, as near as possible, all the water from the pump at each stroke,the nearer will the really discharged quantity of water approach theabsolute force used in Working the pump, and this, too, with a greatsaving of power, since the force given out by the piston is expendedsolely on the discharged water and not consumed in moving backward andforward a dead mass of water which is not discharged. It is also verycommon for air to occupy this excess of space,

which is even Worse on the pump than the moving of the water would be,as the iirstpart of the stroke is expended in compressing this airbefore the Water can be acted upon, thus virtually shortening the effectof the stroke and entailing a wasteful expenditure of power. Again, thevelocity acquired by the inc-tion of the Water in the suction-pipe is inthis pump turned to account in doing Work, for it will be seen byreference to the already-described operation of this pump that thecurrent Hows in a continuous direction from the suction-pipe through thedischarge-pipe, avoiding thereby all reversing of current and allconcussion.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

to be always between the two suction valvular pistons at all points ofthe stroke, as described.

WM. M. HENDERSON.

, Witnesses: C. RADENBAUGH, GEO. A. Porn.

